Twitter

In his presentation at TED, the founder of Twitter, even Evan Williams acknowledges that he didn’t anticipate the many of the creative uses this simple tool would be used for:

What we didn’t anticipate was the many, many other uses that would evolve from this very simple system. One of the things we realized was how important Twitter could be during real-time events. When the wildfires broke out in San Diego, in October of 2007, people turned to Twitter to report what was happening and to find information from neighbors about what was happening around them.

Twitter (despite my initial skepticism), is obviously here to stay.

For those new to Twitter, Twitter allows you to express your thought, one 160 character or less statement at a time. Members can follow each others “tweets”. That’s it. The value of twitter is in is simplicity.

Like simple Lego blocks, it can scale up into more purposeful things that just vanity broadcasting. And many people are finding ways it can serve social causes. Here’s a couple I’ve come across lately:

Five Ways Nonprofit Organizations Can Really Connect on Twitter

Twittering for a cause: Web 2.0 and its philanthropic impact

TwitCause and TechCrunch’s write-up

Twitter for Social Entrepreneurship: The Top 100 Tweeps to Follow

Twitter 101 for Nonprofits

Givology.org

I have more than a passing interest in how internet technologies affect they way that social innovations are made and even more so when it comes to the support of education for the less privileged. So I was very happy to be given the opportunity to talk to the founder of Givology that recently launched a site whose purpose is to raise money for scholarships and education projects in the developing world.

According to its site,

Givology is an Internet online giving marketplace that empowers individual donors to connect with students and communities in need of education support. By leveraging the internet to support education grants and projects, Givology creates a global community of people connected through their belief in the power of education.

Givology works a lot like DonorsChoose.org, where donors provide small donations through the site to fund students or educational projects that are listed on the site. Whereas DonorsChoose.org focuses on projects in the US, Givology currently funds partners in China, Uganda, Rwanda, India, Kenya and Ecuador. Like DonorsChoose.org, the main challenge is vetting the partners who work with the students, maintaining transparency of the process and regular feedback informing the donors how their donations were spent. It seems Givology fellows also regularly travel to sites to check on progress and provide support, blogging about their activities to the site.

What does seem like a small donation to donors in developed countries do go a long way in developing countries, and providing someone around the world a better way of life through internet-empowered sites like Givology would have been something hard to imagine just 10 years ago.

I remember watching on BBC News in the mid-80’s images of children dying in Africa which produced a huge public outcry which resulted in such huge fund-raising events as Band Aid, USA for Africa (who can forget “We are the world”) and LiveAID. That seems befitting for the MTV age. What many were left wondering however is after all the hype, what happened? Back then, big organizations did big fund-raising for big impact, but unfortunately these efforts were not entirely sustainable.

Sites like Givology, DonorsChoose.org, or Kiva.org are tiny in comparison, but no less ambitious. They value personal connections and take small donations, but it is these small drops that make the ocean, and the force for sustained and effective change.

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Posted here are the responses to an email interview I conducted with Joyce Meng, Founder/CEO of Givology.org. Many thanks to Catherine Gao (@Catherine_Gao) for making the interview possible.

Tell us a little bit about yourself.

My name is Joyce Meng, and I am the CEO and co-founder of Givology. In 2008, I graduated from the Huntsman Program of International Studies and Business at the University of Pennsylvania, majoring in finance and international studies and minoring in mathematics and Spanish.

Currently, I am a graduate student at Oxford on a Rhodes Scholarship. Last year, I finished a Masters Degree in Economics for Development and this year, I”ll be joining the Financial Economics program. More information about my background can be found on my site: www.joycemeng.com.

How old is your organization (givology.org), and how did you get started?

We launched the first version of our site in September 2008, but the concept was in development since March 2008. We worked really hard to develop the technology features in-house and to form grassroots partnerships with some great community organizations.

As for the story of how the idea came to be, it all started with an idea of making education philanthropy as easy, transparent, and accessible as possible, and a belief that education was dominated too much by traditional forms of donations. We really wanted to build a community and a social network around giving that was really engaging and active, not just a passive “write your check” and receive an annual update.

Our purpose was to engage donors to support talented students from across the world. Givology also came from a commitment to promote grassroots education causes and to enable the dreams and aspirations of students worldwide. For a good primer on our strategy and our philosophy, please do check out the following critical analysis paper that I wrote: https://www.givology.org/static/microphilanthropy_education.pdf

How does the site/program work?

Our aim is to make our site as intuitive as possible. Below is a general outline of the mine steps to begin donating and participating in the online Givology community:

1. Create an account
2. Browse student and project profiles
3. Add money through Googlecheckout to your “wallet”
4. Allocate money from your wallet to the students and projects you want to support
5. Receive automatic updates and notifications about postings of the child or project’s progress and impact! Also, each user has the ability to message students and projects. We collect and deliver to the student or the project your updates, so your words of encouragement really makes a tremendous difference, as you can read from the student letters that we receive. All donors have the opportunity to blog and post their own thoughts to their Givology journal

We welcome people to update their profiles, read our notes from the field, where our fellows post their research insights as they travel and do volunteer work abroad, as well as join different giving team groups on the site

What successes have you had so far?

Every bit of progress is a milestone, especially as we are reaching our first year.

• Helping hundreds of kids through student and projects and knowing we change their lives, reading about how our small contribution makes a difference – really helping change the nature of education philanthropy and supporting great grassroots work
• Raising $10,000+, forming 18+ grassroots partnerships in 7+ countries, sending fellows to 4+ countries in the world to research and conduct due diligence on education issues, building an innovative technology platform, running a successful internship and volunteer program, starting chapters in 3+ universities and 2+ high schools in 2009 and hoping to expand
• Getting selected as one of the top 100 student-run enterprises by the Kairos Summit
• Winning first place at the Education Without Borders “Technology” theme
• Featured in Knowledge@Wharton, Nicholas Kristof’s NYT blog post, Philly Inquirer, Penn Gazette, Seattle Times…
• Raising ~$10,000 and on track to $20,000

What has been your biggest challenge?

One big challenge is encouraging repeat donations and getting the word out. People generally get very excited about Givology and our concept, but then they sometimes forget to visit the site again, message the students they have helped, or continue to be part of the community.

We’re a 100% volunteer network so we depend on the time and skill contributions that each individual can make. Sometimes coordinating our network of 15+ team members and 50+ volunteers can be very difficult, but we’ve adopted the processes to get people engaged to work together on different projects.

Our organization is very young and still growing tremendously. The benefit of being a purely volunteer-based network is that all the donations raised online go directly to our partners.

In terms of efficiency and low administrative costs, we’re definitely top rated! We’re really committed to being lean and making the biggest impact – no admin or overhead cost so that we can make greatest impact. In light of the financial crisis, we know it’ll be a challenge to meet our target of $40,000 by next year, but we believe that with effort, we can do it!

How do you work to promote trust between the user and Givology?

Transparency is one of our core principles. To promote greater disclosure and information sharing, we have quarterly student updates of scanned letters, photos, videos, transcripts. For an example, you can visit our student updates section: https://www.givology.org/studentupdates/, or click under each student’s profile “View my Updates”.

We also have messaging so the donor can pass on a short letter of support and see the student’s response and a fellowship program in which our fellows visit our partner sites, make sure everything is going correctly, and then post blog posts online, acting as the “eyes and ears” of our organization.

We have a rigorous due diligence process to select grassroots partners – for more details about the selection process, you can visit the partner application page on our site.

Most importantly, we’re constantly monitoring, and are not afraid to admit when things go wrong. For example, a few of our sponsored students dropped out of school due to financial pressure at home. We refunded the money to all the donors and sent them a message informing them of the unfortunate event. Even though we do our best to encourage students to stay in school, we understand that the harsh reality may force them to choose otherwise.

We believe in transparency and are not afraid of sharing the difficult challenges that arise with our donors. This new era of social networking has given us so many tools to reach out and connect to our community – we have twitter, facebook, notes from the field, givology news to keep people updated and engaged. It’s not just about donating, but building a community around giving and creating dialogue to promote trust and greater development.

What is the future for Givology?

Future? For us, we have so many ambitions! The great thing about our technology platform and our organizational strategy is that it is fully scalable. We intend to expand to many new geographies and partners, start more chapters at schools and regions throughout the world, build out our volunteer and supporter network, increase traffic to our site, improve our technology platform, among many other goals.

We have lofty dreams, but we strongly believe that internet microphilanthropy and building a community around giving can make a tremendous difference. Concretely, we’re targeting $20,000 for 2009, $40,000 for 2010 and $70,000 for 2011 and beyond, with more than 5,000 registered users by the end of 2010. But most importantly, we want to make sure that we’re innovating and listening to what people are saying so that we can adapt in connecting and supporting meaningful education projects throughout the world in areas of great need.

We want Givology help thousands of talented students realize their dreams, as well as empower communities across the globe to harness the talent of their young.

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Further Reading

• Givology entry in Wikipedia
• Givology: Using Social Networks to Connect Education with the Developing World, Feb 2009 interview with Catherine Gao, chief development officer for Givology in Knowledge@Wharton
• Givology – democratizing giving to benefit students, Oct 2008 article in Asian American Giving

FrontlineSMS

Mobile is a leapfroging technology in developing countries and many now have access to tools via mobile services. These tools enable more that just 1-to-1 communication and support such complex transactions as microfinancing, healthcare and community action.

Recently I posted Mobile technologies for social causes in developing countries. Here’s a combined summary with a couple more mobile technologies that I have come across recently.

MOBILE ACTION PLATFORMS

1. FrontlineSMS
“A lack of communication can be a major barrier for grassroots non-governmental organisations (NGOs) working in developing countries. FrontlineSMS is the first text messaging system created exclusively with this problem in mind. By leveraging basic tools already available to most NGOs — computers and mobile phones — FrontlineSMS enables instantaneous two-way communication on a large scale. It’s easy to implement, simple to operate, and best of all, the software is free.”

2. Mobile Commons
“The Mobile Commons platform makes it easy to launch interactive mobile campaigns in minutes. Campaigns are flexible. You can quickly make single purpose programs to do things like collect people’s email addresses at live events or you can build richer interactive experiences by combining phone calls or pushing messages to the web. Our features all work together to give you the power to create better experiences which drive higher response rates, get people’s attention, and fundraise more effectively.”

3. Ushahidi
“Ushahidi, which means “testimony” in Swahili, is a platform that crowdsources crisis information. Allowing anyone to submit crisis information through text messaging using a mobile phone, email or web – and map them.”

4. Google SMS in Africa
“Google SMS to serve needs of poor in Uganda: Today [June 29, 2009] is a big day for the Google Africa team for several reasons. We’re announcing an exciting partnership between MTN Uganda, the Grameen Foundation and Google, and the launch of Google SMS in Uganda. This launch makes available the first suite of applications resulting from an endeavor initiated by Grameen Foundation, called “AppLab” (Application Laboratory), which began over a year ago. AppLab is designed to develop mobile applications that serve the needs of poor and other vulnerable individuals and communities, most of whom have limited access to information and communications technology.”

MOBILE MICROFINANCING

5. MobileMovement
“Mobile Movement has partnered with the United Nations agency UN-HABITAT and Environmental Youth Alliance – a Canadian non-profit organization – for our first initiative in Nairobi, Kenya. All of the 15 youth groups have been chosen by UN-HABITAT as part of the “Urban Entrepreneurship Program”. You can microfinance a project, be a mentor or start a business partnership through our network.”

6. Credit SMS
“CreditSMS converges SMS-aggregating software and mobile commerce systems to provide an efficient and accessible platform for MFIs to deliver and track loans via Short Message Service (SMS). Since CreditSMS utilizes the GSM telephone network, implementing MFIs need neither an Internet connection nor a permanent office to conduct business. Further, MFIs that utilize alternative power sources such as solar panels will be able to operate ‘off the grid’ and thus gain a comparative advantage in rural and underserved areas.”

MOBILE HEALTHCARE

7. FrontlineSMS:Medic
“In the developing world, lack of infrastructure prevents health workers from delivering efficient healthcare to rural areas. As health workers travel from clinics to reach isolated patients, they are often as disconnected from central clinics as the patients they are trying to serve. The mission of FrontlineSMS:Medic is to advance healthcare networks in the developing world by building and distributing innovative, appropriate mobile technologies. The centerpiece of our system is FrontlineSMS, a free, open-source software platform that enables large-scale, two-way text messaging using only a laptop, a GSM modem, and cell phones. We are also developing several applications for the FrontlineSMS platform that will enable better patient management, electronic medical records via the cell phone, cheap mobile diagnostics, and mapping of health services.”

8. Project Masiluleke
“Project Masiluleke (which means “lend a helping hand” in Zulu) is using mobile technology to tackle the worst HIV epidemic in the world in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, where infection rates are over 40%. [frog design] is envisioning a solution that uses mobile technology in three crucial ways: 1) to encourage usage of low-cost diagnostic tools; 2) to walk patients through the testing process; and 3) to guide them into care should they need it, and encourage healthy preventative behaviors even if they don’t.”

MOBILE ACTION SUPPORT

9. MobileActive.org
“MobileActive.org is a community of people and organizations using mobile phones for social impact. We are committed to increasing the effectiveness of NGOs around the world who recognize that the 4.5 billion mobile phones provide unprecedented opportunities for organizing, communications, and service and information delivery.”

10. Hopephones.org
“Every cell phone given to community health workers connects distant patients to a medical clinic. A $10 cell phone will give 50 families access to emergency medical care, health information, transport services, and clinic resources. When your old phone is received by the recycling center, it is given a value. We’ll use this value to purchase appropriate, usable cell phones for community health workers at the medical clinics. The average donated phone in the US will allow us to purchase 2-3 cell phones for clinics.”

OTHER RELATED ARTICLES

Bicyclists in Kenya Charge Their Phones by Pedaling
“Two Kenyan students have invented a device that allows bicycle riders to charge their phones as they pedal. Deemed a “dynamo-powered smart charger”, the device should make it more economical for the 17.5 million Kenyans who use mobile phones to charge them. Even more impressive, the environmentally-friendly phone charger was originally built from scraps retrieved from a junkyard.”

iTunes U

Recently I’ve participated in brainstorming session for a premier university in Korea on how to make its lectures available online.

Ever since MIT started offering its lectures through its OpenCourseWare (website) initiative in late 2002, many higher education institutions have been offering lectures online through various channels: YouTube and iTunes just to name the obvious.

The YouTube Effect

The explosive popularity of sharing sites such as YouTube seems to have radically changes the way we consume media.

Part of the popularity of YouTube lies in the ease in which you can “take” video, hosted on YouTube, and embed it on your site. This is no trivial change. Previously content was a guarded commodity. Some readers my remember that in the early days of the internet, “deep linking” (linking to a page other than the homepage) was a controversial issue, which seems almost comical in today’s internet environment. Others devised ways of keeping users on their website as long as possible, and only allowed consumption of their content on the site.

With the rise of user-generated content, and the legal framework that Creative Commons affords in terms of copyright protection, the line between between the ownership/authorship of content hosted on such content sharing sites as Youtube, Flickr, SlideShare and to some degree digg are being blurred.

YouTube really doesn’t distinguish between the content being on their site or your site. This is important in that it recognizes that is is impossible to neatly categorize the content and it is transferring that burden of organization, categorization and contextualization of the content to users themselves. YouTube has so much content that it cannot (and does not) predict how users will use the content on its site. They leave it up to the users to contextualize it by embedding in their sites. A funny video of a cat may be just cute entertainment on someone’s personal site, whereas it could be a serious example of feline behavior on an academic site. YouTube is saying, we provide you easy access to the content, you provide the context.

David Weinberger writes a whole book on this issue. In Everything is Miscellaneous he writes:

We are building an ever-growing pile of smart leaves that we can organize as we need to at any one moment. Some ways of organizing it – of finding meaning in it – will be grassroots; some will be official. Some will apply to small groups; some will engender large groups; some will subvert established groups. Some will be funny; some will be tragic. But it will be the users who decide what the leaves mean.

Allowing users to take the content is supremely smart for YouTube in that it significantly increases distribution and now that they have figured out a way to advertise within the video frame, a greater source of advertising income.

TED is using this exact model for spreading its ideas.

Shifting role of universities

Back to universities. For universities this climate of content sharing sets up a dilemma.

Universities as an institution have long been in the business of guarding its knowledge and the authors of its knowledge. Whenever you partner with a university the intellectual property contracts their legal department send you is a strong indication of how serious they are about their knowledge. It’s apparent that some knowledge needs to be protected, such as patents, processes and original works. But in this current age, being too strict about protecting knowledge has the negative effects. Universities are not measured in terms of how many books their libraries house but how effective they are in encouraging, facilitating and protecting open discourse, thought leadership and, more so than ever, social responsibility.

Liz Coleman, the president of Bennington College in her inspiring presentation at TED (Feb 2009), A call to reinvent liberal arts education, expresses the urgency of our higher education institutions to be more open, interconnected and socially responsible:

The progression of today’s college student is to jettison every interest except one. And within that one, to continually narrow the focus. Learning more and more about less and less. This, despite the evidence all around us of the interconnectedness of things. Lest you think I exaggerate, Here are the beginnings of the A-B-Cs of anthropology. As one moves up the ladder, values other than technical competence are viewed with increasing suspicion. Questions such as “What kind of a world are we making? What kind of a world should we be making? What kind of a world can we be making?” are treated with more and more skepticism and move off the table.

To share or not to share?

When one thinks about how to describe the premier universities in Korea, words such as exclusivity, high-walled, academic, authoritative and conservative come to mind. This is clash with the values of the internet that shout social, communal, accessible and collaborative.

The motivation behind a premier university in Korea sharing its lectures online seems may seem to be a little more self-serving than socially inspiring: To reinforce it branding and positioning; to create a business model for paid exclusive content; and to provide some public service.

Whatever the motivation, I believe that once the door to access is opened up, it may unintentionally trigger a change that may be irreversible.